The need to improve efficiency and service delivery in Africas national public sectors and to raise accountability has become more important in recent years given rising poverty numbers, growing insecurity, poor governance, widespread corruptionand a consensus recognizing that these improvements are needed to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030. The private sector is more efficient largely due to its profit-making nature and the need to remain competitive. It is against this background that this guide was conceived to offer a Six Efficiency Activity Framework (SEAF) for improving the performance of the public sector in Africa based on lessons and indicators from 15 countries across Africa.