This report summarises the key findings arising from the needs assessment of seven African countries that were considered for inclusion in DFIDs Strengthening Research Institutions in Africa (SRIA) programme: Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda. It is based on qualitative and quantitative data collected from published sources and incountry interviews conducted between March and October 2019. The document explores the ability of a countrys research system (and its various stakeholders) to produce high-quality research and disseminate it effectively so as to support knowledge-driven sustainable development. Finally, the report highlights areas where research capacity strengthening interventions could be considered.