The state of global public health is one in which increasing ambition is pitted against limited resources. Africa finds itself faced with two extremes: great expectations for the future, and very little financing, both existing and additional, for the health sector to count on. Spending better allows for the achievement of greater health outcomes from available resources, and provides financiers with confidence to invest more in the sector. Seeking greater value for money (VfM) to maximize the benefits of investments in health is the central theme of this guide.