The very structure of MfDR is built to gather performance information continually, and then it relies heavily upon that information for decision making, budget allocations, accountability, and continued learning. MfDR is meant to be a cycle of increasingly effective performance, continuous learning, and steady progress towards achieving development goals. This note provides guidance on how to assess learning outcomes by listing important questions to ask at every stage of the MfDR process: strategic planning; program implementation; monitoring and evaluation; documentation and dissemination of learning. Specifically, it addresses the issues of what was learned during the MfDR initiative, whether what was learned had a positive effect, what else could have been learned, and what to do to improve learning outcomes.