This study examines the risk factorsinternal and external to Africa that could compromise Agenda 2063s vision, transformation framework, and planning programme over the next five decades. The analysis of these risk factors is accompanied by considerations of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that could shape each of the seven aspirations of Agenda 2063. While there might be elements of force majeure (as with climate change and natural disasters), we argue that many risk factors are embedded as inherent structural features across Africa but are also determinants in defining and shaping the continental landscape and its interstate system.