Africa is going to discover and extract more and more of its natural resources. Many expect that this will be a big blessing for Sub-Saharan Africa and other Least Developed Countries (LDCs) and will lift many out of poverty. History shows, however, that in terms of economic growth, oil-rich countries performed worse than countries with no relevant natural resources (Sachs and Warner 2001 for the period 1970-89) as they had suffered from Dutch disease, which had led to currency appreciation. Therefore lessons should be learnt from resource-rich countries, both positive and negative